587-441-8376

"I received a call from this number as well and did a little research. It appears to be HarGroup Management Consultants, a Calgary-based firm that frequently conducts public engagement and policy research for the City of Calgary and other agencies. It isn't a telemarketing or sales call. The process is voluntary, anonymous, and research-focused, so you aren't missing out on anything by not answering if you aren't interested in participating."

Wrong!
Just because that company turns up in a Google search, it does not necessarily mean that this number is connected with them, or even on the webpage pointed to.
If you actually looked at the webpage returned you would not be able to find this phone number anywhere on the page.  It is not even in the underlying code that comprises the webpage, only parts of the phone number are present and that is what causes the page to be pointed to in the results.
Internet search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo, DuckDuckGo, etc. are neither omniscient nor infallible.  Unless you place the phone number in quotes ("") to tell the search engine to treat it as a whole, it will treat a phone number as three groups of digits and will return a link to any page that contains any one of those groups in its code.
Try your search again with this number in quotes ("587-441-8376") and you will see that company is no longer one of the results returned.

Ok. It’s wrong.